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Race #237

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Official speed 111.55 wpm (92.94 seconds elapsed during race)
Without ending ping 111.91 wpm (300 ms delay sending score to TypeRacer’s server)
Timerless 112.35 wpm (360 ms elapsed before first character typed; 92.29 seconds elapsed during race)
Timerless minus one 112.22 wpm, ignoring the first character typed
Race Start July 19, 2023 9:52:09am UTC
Race Finish July 19, 2023 9:53:42am UTC
Outcome No win (2 of 3)
Accuracy 98.8%
Points 301.20
Text #4940058 (Length: 864 characters)

Calculus is a tool that helps us understand how a change in one quantity is related to a change in another. How does the speed of a falling object change as a function of time? How does the level of water in a barrel change as a function of the amount of liquid poured into it? We see change occurring in nearly everything we observe in the world and universe, and powerful modern instruments help us see more and more. In this section we introduce the ideas of average and instantaneous rates of change, and show that they are closely related to the slope of a curve at a point P on the curve. We give precise developments of these important concepts in the next chapter, but for now we use an informal approach so you will see how they lead naturally to the main idea of this chapter, the limit. The idea of a limit plays a foundational role throughout calculus.

Characters typed Calculus is a tool that helps us understand how a change in one quantity is related to a change in another. How does the speed of a falling object change as a function of time? How does the level fo of water in a barrel change as a function of the amount of liquid poouured into it? We see change occuring iring in nearly everything we observe in the world and universe, and powerful modern instruments help us see more and more. In this section we introduce the ideas of average and instanteaneous rates of change, and hshow that they are closely related to the slope of a curve at a Popoint P on the curve. We give precise developments of these imoportant concepts in the next chapter, but for now we use an informal approach so you will see how they lead naturally to the main idea of this chapter, the limit. The lidea ofa a limit plays a foundational role throughout calculus.
Timing
Character C a l c u l u s i s a t o o l t h a t h
Milliseconds 360 137 138 122 100 149 112 119 52 84 115 12 545 133 114 79 124 154 107 161 115 51 59 38 82
Character e l p s u s u n d e r s t a n d h o w a
Milliseconds 79 90 163 112 38 88 87 63 71 166 81 163 73 264 169 128 94 70 51 74 50 57 51 139 130
Character c h a n g e i n o n e q u a n t i t y i s
Milliseconds 135 75 77 76 122 81 68 101 91 62 88 62 89 61 169 95 112 72 141 122 144 181 94 82 47
Character r e l a t e d t o a c h a n g e i n a
Milliseconds 76 122 123 84 112 76 126 149 60 135 50 119 134 81 99 66 99 50 101 93 61 83 83 112 104
Character n o t h e r . H o w d o e s t h e s p e e
Milliseconds 116 67 110 95 72 47 53 62 158 97 94 95 96 50 105 121 72 101 66 56 64 67 79 105 122
Character d o f a f a l l i n g o b j e c t c h a
Milliseconds 152 60 68 74 67 51 90 134 121 65 123 110 72 53 50 196 157 121 65 149 132 72 99 79 52
Character n g e a s a f u n c t i o n o f t i m e
Milliseconds 93 101 70 182 23 231 185 109 90 56 130 151 41 152 71 30 14 106 61 22 90 135 79 78 62
Character ? H o w d o e s t h e l e v e l f o -
Milliseconds 350 107 177 86 164 102 93 62 92 140 68 93 54 71 58 79 62 185 111 81 40 95 0 139 324
Character -o -f o f w a t e r i n a b a r r e l c h
Milliseconds 133 108 185 81 56 116 152 97 112 55 61 55 84 81 37 116 147 188 221 133 161 123 80 104 71
Character a n g e a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e
Milliseconds 71 79 108 103 66 120 84 93 93 93 59 115 150 50 167 65 47 0 120 72 48 89 112 94 16
Character a m o u n t o f l i q u i d p o o u -u -o u
Milliseconds 101 141 87 88 101 144 54 80 37 52 97 93 143 119 77 86 120 53 354 186 161 39 392 116 166
Character r e d i n t o i t ? W e s e e c h a n g
Milliseconds 55 134 152 62 69 71 75 50 108 78 52 178 102 198 193 98 82 177 123 82 91 80 54 85 82
Character e o c c u r i n g i -i - -g -n -i r i n g i n
Milliseconds 103 89 125 132 145 73 101 80 57 61 51 79 267 138 110 91 132 228 92 79 93 21 72 74 69
Character n e a r l y e v e r y t h i n g w e o b s e
Milliseconds 70 50 136 69 72 139 85 53 141 117 57 63 64 93 80 94 41 92 86 67 107 54 84 178 260
Character r v e i n t h e w o r l d a n d u n i v
Milliseconds 84 226 108 79 62 65 71 63 91 92 175 115 103 95 120 68 65 81 109 66 35 106 142 51 52
Character e r s e , a n d p o w e r f u l m o d e r n
Milliseconds 159 48 134 129 63 75 112 93 62 51 83 61 164 45 62 328 104 147 76 137 19 36 158 25 94
Character i n s t r u m e n t s h e l p u s s e e
Milliseconds 58 53 76 92 185 141 64 180 70 83 63 141 89 60 126 33 174 108 56 87 71 100 173 122 82
Character m o r e a n d m o r e . I n t h i s s e
Milliseconds 69 77 26 157 116 42 132 58 69 70 68 49 90 103 139 265 140 132 121 91 36 88 47 93 159
Character c t i o n w e i n t r o d u c e t h e i d
Milliseconds 160 138 65 41 15 95 87 161 132 85 81 130 139 89 128 111 75 138 64 92 72 55 65 51 59
Character e a s o f a v e r a g e a n d i n s t a n
Milliseconds 138 129 77 63 39 99 51 169 139 149 47 141 90 114 64 109 92 50 80 86 69 99 156 125 110
Character t e -e a n e o u s r a t e s o f c h a n g e
Milliseconds 114 145 411 105 151 326 137 97 90 59 132 156 81 108 135 81 58 56 106 113 81 79 68 87 94
Character , a n d h -h s h o w t h a t t h e y a r
Milliseconds 84 59 76 105 42 89 106 307 81 100 117 121 109 108 95 33 84 45 86 100 33 115 71 40 65
Character e c l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o t h e
Milliseconds 109 54 122 73 137 50 140 62 164 59 68 123 167 129 99 115 152 68 117 96 110 57 127 29 123
Character s l o p e o f a c u r v e a t a P o -o
Milliseconds 36 142 134 226 533 108 66 65 83 67 99 113 92 68 175 137 123 113 96 133 41 121 191 198 341
Character -P p o i n t P o n t h e c u r v e . W e
Milliseconds 126 216 170 90 95 83 77 204 140 106 112 90 32 119 151 88 85 79 79 173 163 89 77 144 167
Character g i v e p r e c i s e d e v e l o p m e n t
Milliseconds 91 103 73 88 120 58 79 76 108 184 103 74 144 73 141 159 137 135 77 146 144 147 82 81 43
Character s o f t h e s e i m o -o p o r t a n t c o
Milliseconds 157 79 79 53 81 94 82 15 145 130 99 101 115 181 451 207 130 99 113 347 137 98 91 176 89
Character n c e p t s i n t h e n e x t c h a p t e
Milliseconds 68 52 162 71 178 163 67 78 69 57 53 90 33 61 89 7 173 174 106 201 114 53 94 84 117
Character r , b u t f o r n o w w e u s e a n
Milliseconds 50 59 56 232 104 54 59 133 102 44 60 79 67 46 76 80 95 131 97 66 139 52 75 68 120
Character i n f o r m a l a p p r o a c h s o y o u
Milliseconds 70 318 196 101 61 84 127 209 113 134 116 112 137 75 185 134 71 83 55 57 89 109 84 77 66
Character w i l l s e e h o w t h e y l e a d n a
Milliseconds 70 91 156 114 74 80 159 122 68 174 96 90 60 74 82 58 95 67 88 42 139 106 63 101 51
Character t u r a l l y t o t h e m a i n i d e a
Milliseconds 99 69 96 122 67 113 157 91 35 78 80 17 122 29 102 75 89 70 68 93 109 104 137 128 61
Character o f t h i s c h a p t e r , t h e l i m i
Milliseconds 60 115 50 319 84 69 49 75 94 72 53 88 95 112 59 98 65 60 101 14 78 75 128 102 110
Character t . T h e l -l i d e a o f a - - -a a
Milliseconds 108 110 79 131 120 53 67 85 297 161 68 135 127 29 82 81 100 0 177 326 136 102 138 50 144
Character l i m i t p l a y s a f o u n d a t i o n a
Milliseconds 108 129 106 100 119 89 39 144 52 105 60 68 95 89 41 85 74 175 76 148 96 80 25 38 123
Character l r o l e t h r o u g h o u t c a l c u l u
Milliseconds 119 77 139 86 145 55 52 94 94 65 112 49 93 122 110 84 40 95 101 137 87 101 93 138 107
Character s .
Milliseconds 117 60
WPM Timing
Seconds WPM
1.86 77.47
3.72 93.6
5.58 103.29
7.44 108.13
9.29 108.45
11.15 112.97
13.01 116.2
14.87 117
16.73 116.92
18.59 116.84
20.45 115.02
22.31 114.05
24.17 114.21
26.02 115.74
27.88 113.62
29.74 112.16
31.6 112.4
33.46 109.03
35.32 111.1
37.18 110.71
39.04 111.59
40.9 112.38
42.75 112.83
44.61 112.97
46.47 113.36
48.33 114.21
50.19 114.29
52.05 112.51
53.91 113.3
55.77 113.19
57.63 113.28
59.48 112.36
61.34 112.09
63.2 110.69
65.06 110.66
66.92 110.64
68.78 110.79
70.64 109.4
72.5 109.91
74.36 110.39
76.21 110.37
78.07 110.36
79.93 110.79
81.79 111.5
83.65 111.75
85.51 112.41
87.37 111.12
89.23 111.22
91.09 111.59
92.94 111.55