Official speed |
116.44 wpm (89.04 seconds elapsed during race) |
Without ending ping |
116.65 wpm (163 ms delay sending score to TypeRacer’s server) |
Timerless |
117.04 wpm (292 ms elapsed before first character typed; 88.59 seconds elapsed during race) |
Timerless minus one |
116.90 wpm, ignoring the first character typed |
Race Start |
January 30, 2024 4:22:02pm UTC |
Race Finish |
January 30, 2024 4:23:31pm UTC |
Outcome |
Win (1 of 4) |
Accuracy |
97.9% |
Points |
314.38 |
Text |
#4940058 (Length: 864 characters) Calculus is a tool that helps us understand how a change in one quantity is related to a change in another. How does the speed of a falling object change as a function of time? How does the level of water in a barrel change as a function of the amount of liquid poured into it? We see change occurring in nearly everything we observe in the world and universe, and powerful modern instruments help us see more and more. In this section we introduce the ideas of average and instantaneous rates of change, and show that they are closely related to the slope of a curve at a point P on the curve. We give precise developments of these important concepts in the next chapter, but for now we use an informal approach so you will see how they lead naturally to the main idea of this chapter, the limit. The idea of a limit plays a foundational role throughout calculus. |
Characters typed |
Calculousus is a tool that helps us understand how a change in one quanityititity is related to a change in annotother. How does the speed of a falling object change as a function of time? Hwoow does the ,elevel of water in a barrel change as a function of the amount of liquid poured into it? We see change occuring ccuring ring in nearly everything we observe in the world and universe, and powerful modern instruments help us see more and more. In this section we introduce the ideas of average and instanteaneous rates of change, and show that they are closely relataeed to the sclope of a curve at a point P on the curve. We give precise developments of these important conecepts in the next chatapter, but for now we use an infroormal approach so you will see how they lead naturally to the main idea of this chapter, the limit. The idea of a limit plays ona foundational role through calcout calculous.us. |
Timing |
Character |
C |
a |
l |
c |
u |
l |
o |
u |
s |
-s |
-u |
-o |
u |
s |
|
i |
s |
|
a |
|
t |
o |
o |
l |
|
Milliseconds |
292 |
108 |
279 |
198 |
170 |
173 |
107 |
122 |
78 |
201 |
109 |
139 |
77 |
63 |
63 |
62 |
78 |
78 |
31 |
107 |
63 |
32 |
124 |
31 |
77 |
Character |
t |
h |
a |
t |
|
h |
e |
l |
p |
s |
|
u |
s |
|
u |
n |
d |
e |
r |
s |
t |
a |
n |
d |
|
Milliseconds |
46 |
109 |
47 |
47 |
79 |
81 |
94 |
61 |
61 |
46 |
93 |
92 |
61 |
92 |
186 |
46 |
0 |
92 |
94 |
103 |
77 |
62 |
63 |
92 |
108 |
Character |
h |
o |
w |
|
a |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
i |
n |
|
o |
n |
e |
|
q |
u |
a |
n |
i |
Milliseconds |
72 |
78 |
63 |
93 |
62 |
91 |
62 |
168 |
109 |
78 |
62 |
47 |
67 |
78 |
77 |
47 |
125 |
79 |
46 |
96 |
64 |
94 |
93 |
93 |
123 |
Character |
t |
y |
i |
-i |
-y |
-t |
t |
i |
-i |
-t |
-i |
t |
i |
t |
y |
|
i |
s |
|
r |
e |
l |
a |
t |
e |
Milliseconds |
47 |
154 |
124 |
108 |
151 |
125 |
108 |
122 |
116 |
155 |
140 |
62 |
116 |
62 |
153 |
96 |
77 |
99 |
47 |
123 |
63 |
47 |
94 |
30 |
118 |
Character |
d |
|
t |
o |
|
a |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
i |
n |
|
a |
n |
n |
o |
t |
-t |
-o |
-n |
Milliseconds |
79 |
77 |
108 |
77 |
60 |
47 |
118 |
94 |
93 |
63 |
122 |
83 |
63 |
62 |
109 |
61 |
46 |
109 |
40 |
92 |
62 |
94 |
191 |
126 |
126 |
Character |
o |
t |
h |
e |
r |
. |
|
H |
o |
w |
|
d |
o |
e |
s |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
s |
p |
e |
e |
d |
Milliseconds |
78 |
62 |
128 |
126 |
46 |
62 |
94 |
128 |
96 |
47 |
93 |
31 |
93 |
61 |
47 |
77 |
72 |
92 |
94 |
79 |
62 |
92 |
66 |
139 |
46 |
Character |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
|
f |
a |
l |
l |
i |
n |
g |
|
o |
b |
j |
e |
c |
t |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
Milliseconds |
62 |
62 |
63 |
109 |
21 |
169 |
46 |
61 |
62 |
109 |
117 |
33 |
60 |
63 |
48 |
76 |
108 |
55 |
47 |
170 |
109 |
62 |
94 |
36 |
140 |
Character |
g |
e |
|
a |
s |
|
a |
|
f |
u |
n |
c |
t |
i |
o |
n |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
i |
m |
e |
? |
Milliseconds |
77 |
63 |
96 |
64 |
80 |
77 |
64 |
108 |
93 |
149 |
46 |
76 |
170 |
77 |
61 |
32 |
134 |
32 |
109 |
78 |
77 |
78 |
37 |
46 |
156 |
Character |
|
H |
w |
o |
-o |
-w |
o |
w |
|
d |
o |
e |
s |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
, |
e |
-e |
-, |
l |
e |
v |
Milliseconds |
110 |
94 |
160 |
46 |
233 |
108 |
68 |
46 |
78 |
31 |
110 |
64 |
32 |
78 |
82 |
61 |
79 |
124 |
114 |
48 |
280 |
109 |
237 |
109 |
110 |
Character |
e |
l |
|
o |
f |
|
w |
a |
t |
e |
r |
|
i |
n |
|
a |
|
b |
a |
r |
r |
e |
l |
|
c |
Milliseconds |
46 |
93 |
31 |
163 |
110 |
79 |
77 |
77 |
70 |
124 |
45 |
63 |
63 |
48 |
92 |
86 |
125 |
154 |
123 |
69 |
123 |
63 |
79 |
93 |
46 |
Character |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
a |
s |
|
a |
|
f |
u |
n |
c |
t |
i |
o |
n |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
h |
Milliseconds |
101 |
31 |
123 |
31 |
61 |
107 |
46 |
75 |
92 |
46 |
78 |
123 |
125 |
43 |
62 |
155 |
77 |
33 |
60 |
92 |
40 |
92 |
124 |
46 |
108 |
Character |
e |
|
a |
m |
o |
u |
n |
t |
|
o |
f |
|
l |
i |
q |
u |
i |
d |
|
p |
o |
u |
r |
e |
d |
Milliseconds |
62 |
88 |
63 |
29 |
93 |
171 |
48 |
47 |
66 |
45 |
126 |
93 |
14 |
141 |
111 |
76 |
78 |
142 |
96 |
64 |
78 |
203 |
93 |
115 |
63 |
Character |
|
i |
n |
t |
o |
|
i |
t |
? |
|
W |
e |
|
s |
e |
e |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
o |
Milliseconds |
61 |
60 |
47 |
47 |
107 |
61 |
109 |
62 |
155 |
125 |
62 |
180 |
93 |
91 |
122 |
150 |
93 |
79 |
123 |
45 |
402 |
139 |
54 |
108 |
506 |
Character |
c |
c |
u |
r |
i |
n |
g |
|
-c |
-c |
-u |
-r |
-i |
-n |
-g |
- |
c |
c |
u |
r |
i |
n |
g |
|
- |
Milliseconds |
124 |
155 |
148 |
77 |
109 |
62 |
63 |
97 |
676 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
77 |
123 |
171 |
135 |
203 |
64 |
61 |
113 |
265 |
Character |
-g |
-n |
-i |
r |
i |
n |
g |
|
i |
n |
|
n |
e |
a |
r |
l |
y |
|
e |
v |
e |
r |
y |
t |
h |
Milliseconds |
123 |
131 |
138 |
62 |
93 |
47 |
47 |
74 |
62 |
203 |
170 |
240 |
78 |
31 |
16 |
140 |
54 |
109 |
124 |
95 |
62 |
62 |
145 |
139 |
141 |
Character |
i |
n |
g |
|
w |
e |
|
o |
b |
s |
e |
r |
v |
e |
|
i |
n |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
w |
o |
r |
Milliseconds |
94 |
54 |
30 |
93 |
92 |
96 |
205 |
154 |
92 |
156 |
147 |
62 |
158 |
64 |
80 |
46 |
50 |
77 |
47 |
78 |
91 |
94 |
108 |
76 |
124 |
Character |
l |
d |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
u |
n |
i |
v |
e |
r |
s |
e |
, |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
p |
o |
w |
e |
Milliseconds |
109 |
144 |
97 |
61 |
93 |
77 |
93 |
135 |
47 |
107 |
157 |
129 |
94 |
76 |
61 |
109 |
77 |
45 |
78 |
77 |
61 |
62 |
61 |
63 |
46 |
Character |
r |
f |
u |
l |
|
m |
o |
d |
e |
r |
n |
|
i |
n |
s |
t |
r |
u |
m |
e |
n |
t |
s |
|
h |
Milliseconds |
61 |
105 |
62 |
154 |
96 |
61 |
46 |
47 |
116 |
62 |
93 |
123 |
93 |
59 |
77 |
78 |
140 |
62 |
109 |
87 |
77 |
78 |
77 |
63 |
62 |
Character |
e |
l |
p |
|
u |
s |
|
s |
e |
e |
|
m |
o |
r |
e |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
m |
o |
r |
e |
. |
Milliseconds |
115 |
63 |
61 |
77 |
93 |
62 |
78 |
100 |
77 |
139 |
92 |
62 |
61 |
42 |
31 |
92 |
31 |
77 |
93 |
62 |
62 |
43 |
46 |
46 |
76 |
Character |
|
I |
n |
|
t |
h |
i |
s |
|
s |
e |
c |
t |
i |
o |
n |
|
w |
e |
|
i |
n |
t |
r |
o |
Milliseconds |
94 |
108 |
77 |
104 |
77 |
142 |
78 |
48 |
93 |
51 |
202 |
125 |
176 |
76 |
31 |
46 |
110 |
108 |
99 |
61 |
141 |
49 |
76 |
172 |
94 |
Character |
d |
u |
c |
e |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
i |
d |
e |
a |
s |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
v |
e |
r |
a |
g |
e |
Milliseconds |
91 |
94 |
79 |
61 |
100 |
61 |
63 |
77 |
94 |
32 |
92 |
46 |
57 |
153 |
93 |
200 |
90 |
93 |
63 |
141 |
123 |
70 |
62 |
109 |
63 |
Character |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
i |
n |
s |
t |
a |
n |
t |
e |
-e |
a |
n |
e |
o |
u |
s |
|
r |
a |
t |
e |
Milliseconds |
79 |
46 |
115 |
62 |
62 |
62 |
62 |
46 |
111 |
175 |
154 |
124 |
149 |
264 |
96 |
79 |
98 |
108 |
124 |
95 |
93 |
51 |
63 |
106 |
47 |
Character |
s |
|
o |
f |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
, |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
s |
h |
o |
w |
|
t |
h |
a |
Milliseconds |
124 |
63 |
117 |
47 |
107 |
47 |
123 |
61 |
107 |
78 |
31 |
124 |
76 |
32 |
108 |
88 |
77 |
31 |
140 |
108 |
30 |
87 |
45 |
93 |
15 |
Character |
t |
|
t |
h |
e |
y |
|
a |
r |
e |
|
c |
l |
o |
s |
e |
l |
y |
|
r |
e |
l |
a |
t |
a |
Milliseconds |
77 |
62 |
77 |
95 |
72 |
91 |
108 |
79 |
93 |
76 |
72 |
63 |
76 |
62 |
16 |
140 |
102 |
77 |
122 |
47 |
32 |
77 |
76 |
16 |
88 |
Character |
e |
-e |
-a |
e |
d |
|
t |
o |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
s |
c |
-c |
l |
o |
p |
e |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
Milliseconds |
32 |
279 |
128 |
111 |
62 |
31 |
109 |
80 |
63 |
190 |
109 |
62 |
62 |
62 |
78 |
287 |
175 |
155 |
47 |
62 |
64 |
45 |
94 |
61 |
66 |
Character |
|
c |
u |
r |
v |
e |
|
a |
t |
|
a |
|
p |
o |
i |
n |
t |
|
P |
|
o |
n |
|
t |
h |
Milliseconds |
110 |
46 |
279 |
51 |
155 |
62 |
94 |
63 |
93 |
83 |
47 |
124 |
63 |
30 |
169 |
42 |
16 |
109 |
123 |
93 |
93 |
71 |
125 |
78 |
62 |
Character |
e |
|
c |
u |
r |
v |
e |
. |
|
W |
e |
|
g |
i |
v |
e |
|
p |
r |
e |
c |
i |
s |
e |
|
Milliseconds |
62 |
212 |
77 |
92 |
125 |
162 |
60 |
93 |
79 |
93 |
182 |
62 |
140 |
94 |
80 |
47 |
63 |
65 |
78 |
47 |
170 |
124 |
89 |
62 |
77 |
Character |
d |
e |
v |
e |
l |
o |
p |
m |
e |
n |
t |
s |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
h |
e |
s |
e |
|
i |
m |
p |
Milliseconds |
93 |
61 |
138 |
39 |
93 |
108 |
31 |
157 |
46 |
115 |
47 |
92 |
110 |
96 |
78 |
95 |
62 |
92 |
62 |
77 |
94 |
87 |
46 |
32 |
155 |
Character |
o |
r |
t |
a |
n |
t |
|
c |
o |
n |
e |
-e |
c |
e |
p |
t |
s |
|
i |
n |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
Milliseconds |
63 |
15 |
146 |
77 |
62 |
78 |
207 |
111 |
77 |
63 |
295 |
402 |
93 |
52 |
77 |
124 |
95 |
77 |
92 |
73 |
76 |
47 |
108 |
63 |
78 |
Character |
n |
e |
x |
t |
|
c |
h |
a |
t |
a |
-a |
-t |
p |
t |
e |
r |
, |
|
b |
u |
t |
|
f |
o |
r |
Milliseconds |
77 |
23 |
156 |
171 |
78 |
160 |
156 |
141 |
123 |
50 |
235 |
145 |
385 |
78 |
128 |
63 |
92 |
78 |
93 |
108 |
86 |
93 |
46 |
92 |
78 |
Character |
|
n |
o |
w |
|
w |
e |
|
u |
s |
e |
|
a |
n |
|
i |
n |
f |
r |
o |
-o |
-r |
o |
r |
m |
Milliseconds |
61 |
63 |
46 |
90 |
109 |
94 |
46 |
94 |
62 |
52 |
63 |
93 |
77 |
109 |
92 |
89 |
46 |
47 |
187 |
64 |
237 |
138 |
45 |
63 |
108 |
Character |
a |
l |
|
a |
p |
p |
r |
o |
a |
c |
h |
|
s |
o |
|
y |
o |
u |
|
w |
i |
l |
l |
|
s |
Milliseconds |
73 |
94 |
78 |
45 |
78 |
125 |
69 |
108 |
91 |
63 |
170 |
104 |
63 |
62 |
108 |
94 |
61 |
69 |
76 |
78 |
31 |
140 |
129 |
63 |
31 |
Character |
e |
e |
|
h |
o |
w |
|
t |
h |
e |
y |
|
l |
e |
a |
d |
|
n |
a |
t |
u |
r |
a |
l |
l |
Milliseconds |
61 |
124 |
94 |
108 |
101 |
46 |
78 |
45 |
79 |
80 |
48 |
77 |
52 |
77 |
46 |
47 |
107 |
17 |
61 |
92 |
57 |
109 |
16 |
77 |
110 |
Character |
y |
|
t |
o |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
m |
a |
i |
n |
|
i |
d |
e |
a |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
h |
i |
Milliseconds |
16 |
94 |
51 |
77 |
93 |
31 |
94 |
125 |
63 |
69 |
124 |
62 |
126 |
122 |
23 |
124 |
76 |
32 |
78 |
93 |
77 |
105 |
63 |
122 |
110 |
Character |
s |
|
c |
h |
a |
p |
t |
e |
r |
, |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
l |
i |
m |
i |
t |
. |
|
T |
h |
e |
Milliseconds |
62 |
69 |
78 |
155 |
92 |
78 |
77 |
130 |
47 |
94 |
47 |
80 |
175 |
109 |
92 |
31 |
145 |
61 |
110 |
77 |
110 |
96 |
92 |
155 |
111 |
Character |
|
i |
d |
e |
a |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
|
l |
i |
m |
i |
t |
|
p |
l |
a |
y |
s |
|
o |
n |
Milliseconds |
98 |
96 |
62 |
56 |
47 |
62 |
93 |
79 |
80 |
31 |
127 |
32 |
140 |
63 |
124 |
99 |
78 |
62 |
45 |
46 |
92 |
307 |
123 |
128 |
93 |
Character |
-n |
-o |
a |
|
f |
o |
u |
n |
d |
a |
t |
i |
o |
n |
a |
l |
|
r |
o |
l |
e |
|
t |
h |
r |
Milliseconds |
318 |
139 |
64 |
85 |
47 |
122 |
159 |
45 |
30 |
51 |
109 |
92 |
49 |
45 |
240 |
108 |
107 |
171 |
87 |
110 |
93 |
77 |
47 |
140 |
160 |
Character |
o |
u |
g |
h |
|
c |
a |
l |
c |
-c |
-l |
-a |
-c |
- |
o |
u |
t |
|
c |
a |
l |
c |
u |
l |
o |
Milliseconds |
94 |
47 |
31 |
63 |
108 |
84 |
63 |
45 |
125 |
185 |
133 |
125 |
139 |
148 |
124 |
77 |
78 |
78 |
162 |
45 |
78 |
92 |
126 |
178 |
93 |
Character |
u |
s |
. |
-. |
-s |
-u |
-o |
u |
s |
. |
Milliseconds |
123 |
94 |
107 |
310 |
139 |
147 |
170 |
142 |
208 |
169 |
|
WPM Timing |
Seconds |
WPM |
1.78 |
40.43 |
3.56 |
97.71 |
5.34 |
114.55 |
7.12 |
114.55 |
8.9 |
101.08 |
10.68 |
108.94 |
12.47 |
105.89 |
14.25 |
112.87 |
16.03 |
116.8 |
17.81 |
119.27 |
19.59 |
116.39 |
21.37 |
115.68 |
23.15 |
118.18 |
24.93 |
119.85 |
26.71 |
120.84 |
28.49 |
121.29 |
30.27 |
116.14 |
32.05 |
111.18 |
33.84 |
108.52 |
35.62 |
109.5 |
37.4 |
110.38 |
39.18 |
111.18 |
40.96 |
112.8 |
42.74 |
114.55 |
44.52 |
115.9 |
46.3 |
116.37 |
48.08 |
117.05 |
49.86 |
116.48 |
51.64 |
117.57 |
53.42 |
118.6 |
55.21 |
118.68 |
56.99 |
118.34 |
58.77 |
118.64 |
60.55 |
118.52 |
62.33 |
119.17 |
64.11 |
119.98 |
65.89 |
118.74 |
67.67 |
118.28 |
69.45 |
118.01 |
71.23 |
117.59 |
73.01 |
118.17 |
74.79 |
119.05 |
76.58 |
120.04 |
78.36 |
120.53 |
80.14 |
120.54 |
81.92 |
120.71 |
83.7 |
120 |
85.48 |
119.47 |
87.26 |
118.4 |
89.04 |
116.44 |
|